Cassini spacecraft reveals global energy imbalance of Saturn

The Cassini spacecraft's long-term observations have revealed significant global energy imbalances on Saturn. Analysis of data collected by Cassini shows higher Bond albedo and internal heat flux values than previously estimated for the planet. Saturn's energy budget is not in a steady state and displays notable dynamical imbalances, with a global radiant energy deficit at the top of the atmosphere indicating planetary cooling and seasonal fluctuations. These imbalances contribute to the development of giant convective storms on Saturn. The study highlights the importance of considering seasonal variations in the radiant energy budget of giant planets like Saturn, which can impact planetary evolution, climate behaviors, and the formation of convective storms. The research underscores the significance of long-term observations in understanding the energy budgets of planets and satellites, offering insights into planetary formation and evolution theories.