Cloistered Rule
During Japan's Heian period, the insei system saw retired emperors residing in monasteries to retain influence. Emperor Shirakawa started it in 1086, leading to a complex power succession lasting 200 years.
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Cloistered rule, known as insei in Japan during the Heian period, involved retired emperors retaining power and influence by living in monasteries while their successors fulfilled ceremonial duties. Emperor Shirakawa initiated this system in 1086, followed by his successors until the rise of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192. The retired emperors, including cloistered emperors, had separate imperial courts and military units, leading to the rise of the Taira clan. The Insei system's power succession was complex, with several retired emperors coexisting. Despite the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, the cloistered rule system persisted for another 200 years, with attempts to restore imperial authority like the Kenmu Restoration. The last known Daijō Hōō was Emperor Reigen in 1686. The system gradually declined as the shogunate reduced the retired emperors' power and finances, ultimately leading to the end of the cloistered rule era.
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