New theory reveals fracture mechanism in soft materials

A new theory has been developed to explain the fracture mechanisms in soft materials, potentially leading to the creation of more durable and environmentally friendly materials. The research, published in Physical Review Letters, reveals that fractures initiate from the material's free surface due to an elastic instability that disrupts symmetry. This instability causes cracks to propagate in a complex network, resembling turbulence in fluids. The findings have significant implications for various industries, including consumer electronics, where improved materials could enhance the durability of devices like smartphones and laptops, reducing repair and replacement needs. In the medical field, advancements could lead to safer and longer-lasting implantable devices, improving patient outcomes. The aerospace sector could also benefit from a better understanding of material fractures, leading to more reliable structures and safer travel. The research team, led by Pasquale Ciarletta and Davide Riccobelli from Politecnico di Milano, collaborated with institutions in Paris, highlighting the importance of international cooperation in advancing materials science. The study not only aims to develop materials with superior mechanical properties but also seeks to promote sustainability by minimizing waste and the need for frequent product replacements. This research represents a significant step forward in understanding and improving the performance of soft materials across multiple applications.