Hypothyroidism: The anonymous Olmec artisan and Velázquez

The article discusses the artistic and medical significance of two sculptures: the Olmec jade figurine known as "The Olmeca child" and Diego Velázquez's painting "The child of Vallecas." The Olmec figurine, dating back to 1500-400 BC, depicts a young individual likely suffering from congenital hypothyroidism, characterized by short stature and distinct facial features. This piece exemplifies the Olmec's artistic mastery and their ability to represent physical deformities. Velázquez's work, created around 1644, similarly portrays a young boy with features indicative of congenital hypothyroidism, capturing the emotional depth and physical anomalies of his subject. The resemblance between the two artworks, despite the 1500-year gap, highlights a continuity in the representation of individuals with disabilities in art. The article also touches on the broader implications of iodine deficiency and its historical impact on human health, emphasizing the importance of public health measures to prevent neurocognitive impairments. The enduring legacy of both artists is reflected in various reinterpretations of their works by later artists, showcasing the cultural significance of these figures in art history.

- The Olmeca child figurine and Velázquez's painting both depict individuals with congenital hypothyroidism.

- The Olmec civilization is recognized for its artistic achievements, including realistic representations of physical deformities.

- Velázquez's work reflects the Spanish royal court's fascination with individuals considered "eccentric."

- Iodine deficiency remains a global health issue, historically linked to neurocognitive impairments.

- The artistic legacy of both works continues to inspire reinterpretations by contemporary artists.