Humanity's newest brain gains are most at risk from ageing

A recent study published in Science Advances highlights the vulnerability of the human brain's prefrontal cortex to age-related decline. This region, which has evolved significantly over the past six million years, is crucial for complex cognitive functions such as decision-making and self-control. Researchers compared MRI scans of 189 chimpanzees and 480 humans, revealing that while both species exhibit symmetrical brain structures, the largest declines in grey matter due to aging were observed in the human frontal cortex. This aligns with the theory that areas of the brain that mature last are the first to show signs of aging, known as "last in, first out." The study suggests that the evolutionary expansion of the human brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, comes at the cost of increased susceptibility to age-related decline. The findings indicate that this phenomenon may be unique to humans, as similar comparisons with other primates did not show the same correlation between evolutionary growth and aging. The researchers propose further investigation into other age-related changes beyond grey matter loss, including brain connectivity and gene expression.

- The human prefrontal cortex is highly susceptible to age-related decline.

- The study supports the "last in, first out" theory regarding brain maturation and aging.

- Evolutionary expansion of the human brain may lead to increased vulnerability to aging.

- The findings suggest a unique aspect of human brain evolution compared to other primates.

- Further research is needed to explore additional age-related brain changes.