September 5th, 2024

Common food dye found to make skin and muscle temporarily transparent

Researchers at Stanford University found that tartrazine, a food dye, can temporarily make tissues transparent in mice, enabling non-invasive visualization of organs and potential medical applications for diagnostics.

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Common food dye found to make skin and muscle temporarily transparent

Researchers at Stanford University have discovered that a common food dye, tartrazine, can temporarily make skin, muscle, and connective tissues transparent in living animals. This technique was demonstrated on mice, where applying the dye allowed scientists to visualize internal organs and blood vessels without invasive procedures. The dye alters the refractive index of tissues, enabling certain wavelengths of light to penetrate more easily, thus reducing light scattering. The researchers believe this method could have significant medical applications, such as locating injuries, monitoring digestive disorders, and identifying tumors without the need for invasive biopsies. The process is reversible, with tissues returning to their normal color once the dye is washed off. Although the technique has not yet been tested on humans, it holds promise for improving blood draws and enhancing the study of various diseases in a broader range of animal models. The findings, published in the journal Science, suggest that this approach could revolutionize medical imaging and diagnostics, potentially allowing for non-invasive examinations of deep-seated conditions.

- A common food dye can make skin and muscle temporarily transparent in living animals.

- The technique may help locate injuries, monitor digestive disorders, and identify tumors non-invasively.

- The process is reversible, with tissues returning to normal color after washing off the dye.

- The method has not yet been tested on humans but shows promise for medical applications.

- This breakthrough could enhance the study of diseases in a wider range of animal models.

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AI: What people are saying
The comments on the article about tartrazine's effects on tissue transparency reveal a mix of curiosity and skepticism regarding its applications and safety.
  • Many commenters express doubt about the safety of using tartrazine in humans, given its lack of testing.
  • There is a humorous tone in several comments, with jokes about Halloween costumes and the dye's potential for social media trends.
  • Some users speculate on the scientific implications and potential medical applications, such as internal imaging.
  • Concerns are raised about the regulation of tartrazine and its effects on health.
  • Several comments reference the dye's common use in food, questioning its safety and effects on the body.
Link Icon 41 comments
By @andai - 4 months
I read a short story in my youth -- it must have been by Paul Jennings -- about a boy who got bit by a weird bug. His skin turned transparent and he had to go live in a cave.

Many years go by and he gets bit again and his skin goes back to normal. He finally returns to society, only to find that everyone has gone transparent, and he is once again an outcast...

By @smeej - 4 months
I know they say "not tested in humans," but I don't think anybody's going to convince me nobody in the lab tried it out when they thought nobody was looking, unless there's some really obvious (to experts) reason to assume this won't work in humans.
By @alwa - 4 months
I’m surprised that this characteristic of an extremely common dye—being used in its main application, as a dye—hasn’t been described before. Surely there’s some limitation that’s obvious to those skilled in the chemical and biological arts?

Or is it really just a matter of serendipity waiting til now to lead anybody down the path of trying it this way?

By @_Microft - 4 months
Paper: „Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules“, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm6869
By @alentred - 4 months
It is fun to imagine how my intestines become transparent every time I drink Fanta and there is no one to see it but the microbes living there. Who probably "freak out" in their own way.
By @arcticbull - 4 months
From the article, the dye is tartrazine -- FD&C Yellow 5 or E102.
By @pvaldes - 4 months
Never tested on humans

Some tropical American frogs evolved to do it naturally (fam Centrolenidae). Some fishes also can do it also in a few different orders (Siluriformes and Perciformes at least), so in lower vertebrates it is possible and evolved several times.

But they have a different metabolism than ours and a mouse skin is much more thin than our own skin. I assume that this effect will work only on very small animals and the optical effect will hit some thickness limit somewhere. Could work on fingers but not in heart. At this moment my hype level is a 4 over 10.

By @sschueller - 4 months
> while smearing it on the rodent’s scalp allowed scientists to see blood vessels in the animal’s brain.

Since when do mice not have skulls?

By @sans_souse - 4 months
I just got my Doritos dry rub on, followed by a Sunny D Shower, and now nobody can see me.
By @moribvndvs - 4 months
In Doritos? How are call of duty players not constantly transparent?
By @ardrak - 4 months
> At the moment, transparency is limited to the depth the dye penetrates, but Hong said microneedle patches or injections could deliver the dye more deeply.

Reverse tattoos incoming.

By @teeray - 4 months
I’ve seen this movie. It doesn’t end well for Kevin Bacon.
By @billfor - 4 months
Some countries have banned it in humans, due to health concerns. https://www.verywellhealth.com/tartrazine-free-diet-83227
By @justinclift - 4 months
Wonder if this has potential for internal imaging too?

For example, with an endoscope or other thing that checks internal passageways. Applying this stuff (or whatever is appropriate to the given organ) could potentially allow the optical visibility of more stuff.

By @skibz - 4 months
I'm quite interested in how the use of tartrazine has been regulated around the world.

In my home country, for example, it's not permitted for use in food. Many other places, however, allow this.

By @jjkaczor - 4 months
Halloween is about to become even more weird...
By @egypturnash - 4 months
Huh, I never expected to find out that the Ghouls from Leiber’s Fafhrd and the Grey Mouser books were actually plausible.

(They were perfectly normal medieval fantasy humans, except for their flesh and organs being mostly transparent, so you just saw a pinkish skeleton with a faint shimmer around it.)

By @adamredwoods - 4 months
I wonder if this would improve Digital Optical Spectroscopy for cancer detection and monitoring?

Also related: https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/eden-2

By @azinman2 - 4 months
Truly wild. This could be an amazing advancement if true and safe!
By @moralestapia - 4 months
It says it's never been tested on humans and the proper diligence should follow,

But given that we already eat large amounts of it with no harmful side effects, the expectations are good.

By @dghughes - 4 months
Basically reverse sunblock. Ouch! I wonder how light affects internal organs. Skin is meant to be a protective barrier.
By @bookofjoe - 4 months
>Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm6869

By @pvaldes - 4 months
<s>Hey Tiktokers, who needs a stupid dye? Show your inner light. Swallow our new gastrosubmarine led pill and shit bright like a diamond.<s/>
By @bdcravens - 4 months
Strange dating moment:

"I really do have a good heart!" (takes off shirt, take out a bottle of dye, and smear it on torso) "See, just look at it!"

By @starkparker - 4 months
Some practical VFX artists are gonna go wild with this
By @D-Coder - 4 months
The Washington Post's headline for this article is:

Scientists use food dye found in Doritos to make see-through mice

My first reaction was, what the heck have I been smoking?

By @freen - 4 months
Awesomest Halloween ever.
By @tiahura - 4 months
Don’t mice have skulls?
By @swayvil - 4 months
Halloween costume!
By @rbanffy - 4 months
This solves my Halloween costume for this year.
By @m3kw9 - 4 months
Can’t wait till it becomes a trend on instagram
By @aster0id - 4 months
New kink incoming
By @kragen - 4 months
specifically tartrazine in only the red part of the spectrum. can this be real?
By @roshankhan28 - 4 months
what are we trying to achieve with making skin transparent? I dont see a use case. anyone want to help me with it? please tell me more about it.
By @seydor - 4 months
introspective people eat doritos
By @wordsinaline - 4 months
Anyone want to sell me some tartrazine?
By @ImHereToVote - 4 months
Imagine this as face cream at a rave.
By @evan_ - 4 months
When my little brother was 3 or 4 he stepped on a nail in our yard, probably dropped during some recent construction. It went all the way through his poor little foot, straight through, out the top. I can see it, vividly, in my mind's eye. Mom scooped us up and rushed us, still barefoot, to the ER. I remember him being almost calm- not the way I would have reacted. They x-rayed his foot and soaked it in a tub of what I now know to be iodine to kill bacteria. I remember this clearly: it was the first time I'd ever seen an x-ray in real life, rather than just in alphabet books.

Fortunately the nail totally missed anything important, so they just pulled it out and bandaged him up- no worse for the wear. He went on to be an honest-to-God track star so it obviously didn't have any lasting effect.

Decades later we were talking about something and he said to me, "Why don't they use that x-ray water anymore?". I had no idea what he was talking about so I asked him to elaborate.

The way he remembers the incident is that they put his foot into a bucket of amber liquid and, once submerged, his skin became transparent. He looked in and saw his own bones, blood vessels, and- in the middle of it all- the nail that was causing such a fuss. He described wiggling his toes, flexing his ankle, and seeing the bones and tendons move, directly, with his own eyes.

His toddler brain, probably in shock, had combined the x-ray film and iodine bath. Over the years it had grown more detailed and reinforced. He described it with such clarity that I almost wondered if I hadn't been mistaken. He didn't believe me when I told him how I remember it. We called our mom who confirmed my version of events, plus did some googling, which finally convinced him.

Anyway I just sent him this article. It's interesting that not only is the x-ray water he remembers theoretically possible, it would actually be amber.

By @Intralexical - 4 months
> The team then smeared the yellow dye on a mouse’s underbelly, making the abdominal skin see-through and revealing the rodent’s intestines and organs.

> The procedure has not yet been tested on humans and researchers will need to show it is safe to use, particularly if the dye is injected beneath the skin.

How did they resist the urge to sneak a peak at their own arm or one of their fingers?

By @ranger_danger - 4 months
Absorbing anything that ends in -zine into the body does not sound safe.