June 24th, 2024

American Grammar: Diagraming Sentences in the 19th Century

American linguists in the 19th century pioneered sentence diagramming techniques. James Brown introduced construing with brackets, Barnard used pictographic symbols, Peirce employed a chain-link structure, and Reed and Kellogg popularized modern diagramming.

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American Grammar: Diagraming Sentences in the 19th Century

In the 19th century, American linguists delved into diagramming sentences as a means to visualize the intricate structure of the English language. James Brown's "American Grammar" (1831) introduced construing, a method using brackets to isolate major and minor sections in sentences. Frederick A. P. Barnard's "Analytic Grammar" (1836) employed pictographic symbols to mark different parts of speech within sentences. Oliver B. Peirce's "The Grammar of the English Language" (1839) utilized a chain-link structure to connect subject and object circles with assertives and relatives. Solomon Barrett's "Principles of Grammar" (1845) metaphorically compared sentence structure to an old-growth tree, emphasizing branching connections in language. Stephen Watkins Clark's "A Practical Grammar" (1847) introduced a system resembling modern sentence diagramming, focusing on scalable relations between words and phrases. Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg's "Higher Lessons in English" (1877) popularized a system for diagramming sentences that is still taught in American schools today. These efforts aimed to provide a systematic approach to understanding and analyzing the English language's grammatical structure.

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By @tkgally - 4 months
One or two of my junior-high-school English teachers—public school, California, around 1970—showed us how to diagram sentences. I don’t remember diagramming (note the spelling) being pushed hard at us, but it did help me start to understand things like clauses, modification, and parts of speech. Later, in college and graduate school, I majored in linguistics, and the transformational grammar popular at the time went whole-hog with a very different system for analyzing the structure of sentences. Although my linguistics teachers were uniformly dismissive of school-taught approaches to grammar like diagramming, in the decades since those less rigorous methods have been more useful to me when writing and editing English.
By @GeekyBear - 4 months
I had difficulty with English grammar when I was young, until I was taught by an older lady who still taught her classes to diagram sentences.

For whatever reason, it all fell into place easily using that method.

By @082349872349872 - 4 months
Knuth both enjoyed diagramming sentences in K-12 and wrote compilers during the summer in university. I believe these facts are probably related.
By @soferio - 4 months
Sentence diagramming puzzle app on iOS. (Note: Puzzles not an auto-solver).

https://apps.apple.com/au/app/sengram-sentence-diagramming/i...

(FYI: I am the developer).

By @rdtsc - 4 months
I learned English that way. I didn’t necessarily could speak it well, but gosh darn it, I knew all the tenses: present perfect, future perfect continuous, etc. Pretty sure most students graduating high school in US have never heard of such silliness.

To be fair, it laid everything out well, and it did help me understand English better.

By @AlbertCory - 4 months
I went to a Catholic grammar school (yes, I guess that's a pun there). We didn't learn any science, but we sure learned our grammar. Including diagramming sentences (I don't remember all those refinements, though). The process is pretty helpful.

I find that book reader to be very unappealing, and for this Fremont Older book, which I'm currently writing about:

https://archive.org/details/myownstory00oldegoog

I downloaded the PDF. I think they should have done that here, too and extracted some actual diagrams.

By @ggm - 4 months
I would be interested in the people who did structural/functional diagramming and views to the concrete/solidity of "that's not proper english" or "that isn't how it works" because the other side of the coin is that english (and obviously other languages: Spanish and gender..) change over time, and are fluid against the needs of their speakers.

I guess I'm arguing that if you did training in the formalism of a parse-tree, I wonder if it tends to re-inforce a view in "proper" use of a language rather than it's emergent behaviour and shifts of meaning.