July 1st, 2024

When Rand Made Magic in Santa Monica

RAND, a prominent think tank, thrived from 1945 to 1960 with groundbreaking contributions to science and foreign policy. Despite a decline in influence, its interdisciplinary culture and diverse expertise were key to success.

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When Rand Made Magic in Santa Monica

RAND, a renowned think tank, had its golden era between 1945 and 1960, producing groundbreaking developments in science and American foreign policy. Initially a research arm of the Air Force, RAND made significant contributions to nuclear strategy, satellites, game theory, and artificial intelligence. Despite its modern success, RAND's influence has waned compared to its early days. The organization's roots trace back to World War II, where civilian scientists proved their value by optimizing bomber efficiency. General Arnold's vision led to the creation of Project RAND, funded by unspent war funds and the Ford Foundation. RAND's success was attributed to its exceptional culture, attracting top talent across various disciplines. The organization's interdisciplinary approach led to innovative research, despite initial setbacks in systems analysis. RAND's pivotal studies, like the Strategic Air Bases analysis, showcased the value of its diverse expertise. RAND's ability to balance military contracts with independent research fueled its success and established its reputation as a leading think tank.

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By @moandcompany - 5 months
(Disclosure: I once worked at RAND, but at a much later time in its history)

RAND's heydays were during the period of WW-II and post-war period including the so-called Cold-war era.

From my point of view, RAND during its golden days was very much like Google or Bell Labs during their peaks, with many historically prominent computer scientists and mathematicians having worked at RAND in some capacity. Several people I had worked with were there during the golden days and would reflect on them with great nostalgia...

Back then, special names we use today like "computer science" or "data science" were not commonly used. In this era, this field was simply called "Operations Research" (i.e. the application of quantitative methods and data analysis to improve operational and strategic decision making). - Without going off course too much, I previously made the case that places like the RAND Corporation for all practical purposed invented the field of what we call data science today, but may so-called data science practitioners would not know what the RAND Corporation was, nor would many people at the RAND Corporation in modern times have connected the dots to recognize that they had pioneered this field.

For anyone interested in reading more on the theme of applying quantitative methods / operations research in the area of US public policy, it's reading about the "Whiz Kids": - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiz_Kids_(Department_of_Defen...

By @photochemsyn - 5 months
RAND's role in the Vietnam War is widely derided on many grounds, from the highly unethical behavior exposed in the Pentagon Papers to technical incompetence in programs like Igloo White, the 'electronic fence' that was supposed to keep the NVA from infiltrating weapons, soldiers and supplies into South Vietnam. So maybe they were destroyed by largesse of the Vietnam War government contracting programs?

Eisenhower's famous comments about the military industrial complex are well known, but the later bits of that speech are worth reading (and contrasting to a certain recent spectacle of ignominious incompetence):

> "Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present — and is gravely to be regarded. Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite."

> "It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system — ever aiming toward the supreme goals of our free society."

By @Animats - 5 months
Gen. LeMay was in charge of RAND? Didn't know that. He was the "bomb them back to the Stone Age" general.

The USAF was insanely well funded in the 1950's. The military got about 40% of the US government budget back then. The USAF bought most of the world's transistors. They ran several ICBM programs, a bomber program, SAGE, and accumulated huge fleets of aircraft. Even the mediocre airplanes where produced in large quantity. The B-47, the first good jet bomber, was built in quantity 2,042. In comparison, only 744 B-52 bombers were ever built, and many of those are still in use.

By @maroonblazer - 5 months
RAND is a pretty remarkable organization. I recently came across their proposal for an independent Palestinian state, dated 2005, referred to as "The Arc".

https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9119.html

The above links to a more comprehensive PDF.

By @kayo_20211030 - 5 months
Even in the late 60's and 70's, RAND did some seminal work in the modeling of estuarine and coastal flows using the computers of the day. It was incredibly practical work that was used through the 90's, and that's still cited today. They were wonderful papers for the time.
By @dboreham - 5 months
My seasonal neighbor now in his 80s worked at RAND, and also studied under Ed Lorenz. This reminds me that I need to go spend some time with him before fall arrives.
By @pphysch - 5 months
In 2019, RAND published Extending Russia [1], which explored various and prescient hostile means to deal with its current government. It recommended economic warfare against Russia, which, since 2022, will go down as one of the great geopolitical blunders of the 21st century.

My questions are to what extent that report affected the openness and credibility of RAND?

[1] - https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR3063.html

By @nataz - 5 months
In my experience with RAND they always reminded me of a resource extraction company. Think oil and gas, but their trade was government contracts.

Add in a couple of big names to justify the cost, staff it with jr people/post grads, shine it up with some fancy graphics and quant-ish formulas and poof, a million dollar study.

Of all the FFRDC beltway bandit think tanks, they felt the most like an MBA consultant shop. Lots of overhead, questionable return on investment. While they do have history and prestige, I'm not convinced anything they deliver is uniquely insightful.

By @AlbertCory - 5 months
I had an offer from them. Thankfully, I turned it down for Xerox.

(this was much later than most of the events described in here(

By @surfingdino - 5 months
> We no longer live in an era when branches of the U.S. military can cut massive blank checks to think tanks in the interests of beating the Soviets.

Well, that's about to change.

By @relaxing - 5 months
> One of my favorite past-times, particularly when conversation got too multi-voiced in the office, was to wander the corridors of the abandoned basement. The firm, it transpires, was in the process of constructing a brand spankin’ new office building, right next door. The old one was going to be torn down. So it was in a state of, shall we say, disrepair. In fact, it looked as though they’d stopped doing anything with it, several years earlier.

> But I found the basement irresistible. It drew me in like a tractor beam. Long, stale, sunless corridors, cracked linoleum at your feet, illumined by flickering fluorescent light-fixtures. Like something out of (or inspired by) Last Year at Marienbad. Nary a footstep now treads down those halls, which had overheard such secrets, hushed whispers, momentous occasions and portentous events.

> One day, to my surprise, I turned the corner, and there, sitting in his cell, was none other than Manuel Noriega, the ex-dictator of Panama. Seeing as how I did not know him personally, but recognized him from his many media appearances, I hastened to introduce myself. “How are they treating you?” I asked. “Si si, not so bad. Every now and then some junior CIA type comes in and we do some more – what is it, water-surfing? Boogie-boarding? No, no, water-boarding. But it is more for his pleasure, than mine.” I told him that the U.S. actually had given Panama the canal. “Yeah, I heard about that,” he replied. “But how about all of the new peoples who are there now, think of all of the opportunities for a little friendly mordida!” I said I was gonna mosey on, but I’d be back. “Please bring me some of the CDs by the band Pink Floyd,” he said. “They are like the thinking man’s AC/DC – I got so sick of all that puerile metal crap they were blasting at me when I was in the compound.” “Better than Sadam Hussein,” I replied. “They got him in a spider hole, and it didn’t look as though he was enjoying any music!” “They got Sadam, too?” he replied, querulously.

- David Kronemyer, My Days at RAND Corporation

https://web.archive.org/web/20080815050205/http://kronemyer....

By @prpl - 5 months
Is it too simple to just say the MBA happened?
By @PaulHoule - 5 months
This book

https://www.amazon.com/If-Then-Simulmatics-Corporation-Inven...

describes the rise and fall of a would-be competitor to RAND that I enjoyed.

By @jonjacky - 5 months
RAND previously on HN: What is a think tank? (2022): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29829796
By @robertclaus - 5 months
It feels like a place like this would easily attract top talent nowadays. Does anybody know of places actually operating this way other than a few skunk works teams reporting to bigger corporations?
By @banish-m4 - 5 months
I'm disgusted by the triumphal celebration of an atrophied cog in the military-industrial complex that monetized more efficient killing. Also, Stanford evaded their charter by forming SRI to do defense work, and hired from the USAF revolving door as well.
By @nimbius - 5 months
The thing that killed RAND was government oversight and neoliberalism.

These days its not possible to innovate something like switched ethernet (which RAND had a hand in) unless you submit bids from forty GSA vendors and hold fifty meetings on which third party implementation consultants you need to hire for the work neoliberalism insists you not do anymore as a corporation because outsource culture is king. wrap it all up in a mountain of project managers and "best practices" because youre too chicken-shit to do anything that 200 other companies dont do, and viola. the punishment for failure FAR outweighs the reward for any breakthrough you think you can achieve.

youre not a thinktank anymore youre just a consulting firm with a particularly attractive media spend.