A Relativistic Framework to Establish Coordinate Time on the Moon and Beyond

The paper discusses the establishment of a coordinate time framework for celestial bodies like the Moon based on Einstein's theory of relativity. It explains how the rate of standard clocks is affected by gravitational potential and relative motion, leading to the need for synchronized clocks to compare local time variations due to gravitational and kinematic effects. The framework introduces a relationship between coordinate times for the Moon and Earth, highlighting differences in clock rates. This understanding is crucial for communication infrastructure, navigation in cislunar space, and ensuring interoperability of position, navigation, and timing systems across celestial bodies. The research emphasizes the importance of accurate estimation of rate differences across celestial bodies for reliable communications and precise navigation in the solar system.