July 15th, 2024

Cosmic Simulation Reveals How Black Holes Grow and Evolve

A groundbreaking cosmic simulation by Caltech astrophysicists challenges previous notions about black hole material disks, emphasizing the significant role of magnetic fields in shaping them. The study uncovers unexpected insights into accretion disk dynamics.

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Cosmic Simulation Reveals How Black Holes Grow and Evolve

A team of astrophysicists from Caltech has conducted a groundbreaking cosmic simulation that traces the evolution of primordial gas from the early universe to its role in fueling supermassive black holes. The simulation challenges previous notions about the structure of material disks around black holes, highlighting the significant influence of magnetic fields in shaping these disks. By bridging the gap between large-scale galaxy formation and small-scale star formation simulations, the researchers uncovered unexpected insights into the dynamics of accretion disks. The study, published in The Open Journal of Astrophysics, reveals that magnetic fields play a crucial role in supporting and shaping the fluffy structure of these disks, contrary to previous assumptions about thermal pressure dominance. This discovery opens up new avenues for research into black hole growth, galaxy evolution, and the formation of stars in different cosmic environments. The simulation, conducted using the GIZMO code, provides a detailed look at the complex interactions within accretion disks around supermassive black holes, shedding light on their mass, density, and behavior.

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By @taylodl - 7 months
By @marze - 7 months
The vast majority of what is known about black holes comes from observations of AGN/quasars (super massive black holes that are "active"), which may be as luminous as ~0.5 quadrillion suns (1). This luminosity is powered by the quasar's central engine, which converts the gravitational potential energy of infalling matter to radiative energy, through means that are still debated. In an article in Nature commemorating the 50th anniversary of the discovery of quasars, a leading AGN researcher wrote "our best hope for understanding quasars is that extraterrestrials might drop in and explain them to us" (2). AGN/quasars are an underappreciated enigma.

(1) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02195-x (2) https://www.nature.com/articles/495165a.pdf

By @andrewflnr - 7 months
I wonder if this means the standard models, and limits, on black hole growth need to be revised. A lot has been made of the weirdly early, huge black holes that JWST has seen, so if the dynamics here help black holes grow faster, that would help explain those observations. But I can't tell if that's the case from either this press release or linked article. It could be worse for all I can tell. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.13115v2
By @AmericanOP - 7 months
Anton Petrov helping wonderful people learn about electromagnetism around black holes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6qN3ovTsE0&t
By @netcraft - 7 months
will be looking forward to the Dr. Becky explainer for this one, I have a feeling she is going to be excited
By @jokoon - 7 months
but do physicists know everything about the physics of black holes?
By @hypertele-Xii - 7 months
If by "reveals" you mean "predicts", then yes.
By @AmazingTurtle - 7 months
Feels like this is the 1000time some article states something like this. Am I the only one who feels like we're not really progressing in those fields? Just a feeling though
By @gigatexal - 7 months
I say this every time anything black hole related hits HN: I want to be yeeted into a super massive black hole. I want to know what is there. I might die at the event horizon in an instant as it might be a cosmic/causal/quatum firewall due to all the light being trapped there.

Or maybe I’ll float for a few seconds or minutes or who knows how long until I hit the singularity.

Or maybe there’s no singularity and if I — by some miracle — can avoid the singularity because it doesn’t exist and instead is a ring-ularity maybe I can be ejected into a parallel universe or something.

I wouldn’t be able to tell a soul about what I learned. But I’d at least be able to say my favorite line from all books: “… it’s full of stars!”

P.S. the universe gets bonus points if i can emerge as a monolith.

By @tempodox - 7 months
I can simulate a pink elephant but that doesn't prove its existence. These simulations probably miss important factors and thus have results between dubious and plain wrong. The wrongness of the results compared to reality might still yield interesting hints, if we're lucky.
By @nullorempty - 7 months
There is a theory that says blackholes form on a border of energy differences and are act as a compensation mechanism allowing balancing the energies out between adjacent areas with different properties. When energy 'flows' out of our visible space it appears as a blackhole. When it flows in - it appears as a star.