Why did the U.S. miss the battery revolution?

The U.S. has notably lagged in the battery revolution, a critical technological shift that enables energy storage and mobility. Despite being at the forefront of previous technological advancements, the U.S. government and media failed to recognize the transformative potential of batteries early on. While there were some efforts, such as support for companies like Tesla during the Obama administration, there was no comprehensive government initiative akin to those seen in other sectors like solar power or semiconductors. Key developments in battery technology primarily occurred in Japan and the UK, with the U.S. contributing only modestly until the 2000s.

China has emerged as a leader in battery technology, dominating manufacturing and innovation, particularly in semi-solid lithium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries. This dominance is attributed to China's control over supply chains, including the mining and processing of essential materials, which facilitates cheaper production and faster innovation cycles. The U.S. has not capitalized on its strengths in related industries, such as consumer electronics and electric vehicles, to drive battery innovation.

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the U.S.'s oversight, including supply chain dynamics and political opposition, particularly from conservative factions and oil companies. However, these factors do not fully account for the lack of enthusiasm for battery technology compared to other innovations. As a result, the U.S. missed a significant opportunity to lead in a field that is increasingly vital for energy transition and technological advancement.