August 5th, 2024

50 years ago, CP/M started the microcomputer revolution

Gary Kildall developed CP/M in 1974, a pioneering microcomputer operating system that influenced software compatibility. Its legacy continues, despite challenges from competitors like MS-DOS, shaping the computer industry.

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50 years ago, CP/M started the microcomputer revolution

In 1974, Gary Kildall developed CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers), one of the first cross-platform microcomputer operating systems, which significantly impacted the hardware and software industries. Initially running on limited hardware, CP/M was compact, fitting into under 200 kB, and became the de facto standard OS for early microcomputers, selling millions of copies by 1980. Kildall's work was influenced by his experiences with DEC and IBM systems, leading to the creation of a BIOS that allowed CP/M to adapt to various hardware. Despite its success, CP/M faced challenges with the introduction of Intel's 8086 microprocessor, as Digital Research, Kildall's company, was slow to adapt. This delay allowed Seattle Computer Products to create QDOS, which Microsoft later licensed and renamed MS-DOS, marking a pivotal moment in computing history. CP/M has seen renewed interest in recent years, with modern re-implementations like CP/Mish and its inclusion in projects like the ZX Spectrum Next. Although Digital Research eventually struggled and was acquired by Novell in 1991, CP/M's legacy as a pioneer of multi-platform software compatibility remains significant, shaping the future of the computer industry. Kildall, who passed away in 1994, is remembered for his contributions that laid the groundwork for the software landscape we know today.

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50 years ago, CP/M started the microcomputer revolution

50 years ago, CP/M started the microcomputer revolution

Gary Kildall developed CP/M in 1974, a pioneering microcomputer operating system that influenced the industry. Its decline began with the rise of MS-DOS, but it remains historically significant.

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By @papaver-somnamb - 6 months
For a quintessential CP/M experience, run it on an S-100 -based system [0] with either an Intel 8080 or Zilog Z80 CPU and some expansion cards that complete the system. Probably at least light I/O (incl. keyboard), disk storage, and graphics.

A tremendously great thing about these systems is that within a mere few years, 1 person can learn and understand the system in its totality, everything from basic electronics, circuit boards, power supply, through digital logic and components, OS and system, and up to user apps. There was a vibrant community of people making and contributing to these ecosystems, with complete systems, individual cards, upgrades and improvements, software, magazines, trade shows, and meets. Today we can recognize that as a nascent incarnation of the FOSS / commercial spectrum.

To me, it says something beautiful about the human spirit and condition. And how we are inexorably destined as a technological species. Perhaps all life capable of it is. OK I'm off to re-watch The Expanse now.

[0] http://cpmarchives.classiccmp.org/cpm/mirrors/www.s100comput...

By @KingOfCoders - 6 months
When I got into CP/M in the 80s on my Amstrad 464, it felt like a "professional" operating system compared to those BASIC prompt ones.
By @stevekemp - 6 months
Earlier this year I setup a CP/M emulator, in golang:

https://github.com/skx/cpmulator/

It got some discussion here:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40400635

I think the project is "done" for the moment, in the sense that it seems to run everything I've tried. But never say never, I had a lot of fun running real CP/M on a Z80-based single-board computer, and having a quick emulator helps me test things too. The best of both worlds.

By @lproven - 6 months
I wrote this and submitted it last week.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41137490

By @HocusLocus - 6 months
And 35 years ago I banged out a concept piece on MSDOS/Turbo Pascal that was terminate-stay-resident (with a purchased development kit) I had originally coded in native 8086 under CP/M. Config a list of wildcards and enter a key at runtime, and matching files are transparently encrypted when written and decrypted when read, using hooks into DOS calls.

It worked well even with word processors of the time because even their temp files could be matched for encryption too.

But I was too serious about security and the concept used fast snake oil to test the idea, and my attempt to implement even single DES gobbled so much CPU and real time it would have been a disaster product for a 'transparent' solution.

And key/passphrase checking and features to prevent corruption of encrypted data (like an encrypted state flag!) would have required ghosting and protecting files and lots of out of band data store. The original concept was "everything in-place just encrypted" and it was fun and it worked for me. But I decided to save my sanity and stop at fun.

I eventually lost my sanity but for other reasons.

By @pjmlp - 6 months
Also to note, PL/M had notion of strings and arrays length, in a 8 bit environment!
By @zabzonk - 6 months
except it really isn't an operating system - i used it back in the 1980s, and it is really just a static library you can call into - same as msdos. there is no OS process running things.