Beyond Fusion: Preparing for Systems Rivalry with China

The commentary discusses China's military-civil fusion strategy, which aims to integrate military and civilian sectors to enhance national security and development. Initially proposed by Hu Jintao in 2007, the strategy has gained prominence under Xi Jinping, who established a dedicated commission to oversee its implementation. This approach has blurred the lines between military and civilian technologies, allowing for the transfer of dual-use technologies, often without the consent of foreign entities. The U.S. has responded with export controls and investment screenings, but faces challenges in regulating technology flows as China's strategy continues to evolve and succeed. Evidence suggests that military-civil fusion has enabled significant advancements in China's military capabilities, including in areas like satellite technology and shipbuilding, while also enhancing its economic power. The U.S. and its allies are urged to recognize this strategy as a central aspect of the rivalry with China and to adapt their policies accordingly to maintain competitive advantages. The commentary emphasizes the need for a fundamental shift in U.S. strategy to effectively counter China's growing influence and capabilities.

- China's military-civil fusion strategy integrates military and civilian sectors to enhance national power.

- The U.S. has implemented export controls in response to China's advancements in dual-use technologies.

- Evidence indicates that military-civil fusion has significantly improved China's military capabilities and economic power.

- U.S. policymakers face challenges in regulating technology flows due to the blurred lines between military and civilian applications.

- A strategic shift is necessary for the U.S. and allies to effectively counter China's growing influence.