August 18th, 2024

How did divers manage to blow up the Nord Stream pipeline? We went to find out

German prosecutors issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian diving instructor linked to the September 2022 Nord Stream pipeline explosions, while an investigation revealed challenges in conducting covert operations at the site.

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How did divers manage to blow up the Nord Stream pipeline? We went to find out

In an investigation into the September 2022 Nord Stream pipeline explosions, German broadcaster ARD chartered the yacht Andromeda, believed to have been used by the saboteurs. The explosions, which occurred in the Baltic Sea, damaged pipelines transporting Russian gas to Germany, leading to speculation about the involvement of various parties, including Ukraine. Recently, German prosecutors issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian diving instructor, Volodymyr Z., who denied any involvement. Reports suggest that the operation may have been conducted by a group of Ukrainian soldiers and civilians under military direction. The ARD investigation involved sending divers to the explosion site to assess the feasibility of such a mission. The divers noted that the Andromeda was not suitable for a covert operation due to its poor condition. They highlighted the technical challenges of diving at a depth of 80 meters, which requires specialized training and equipment. The divers successfully located the damaged pipeline, emphasizing the complexity of the sabotage operation. The investigation raises questions about how such an operation could occur undetected, especially given the presence of military vessels in the area. The findings suggest that the choice of the Andromeda may have been a deliberate tactic to avoid detection.

- The Nord Stream pipeline explosions occurred on September 26, 2022, damaging gas supplies to Germany.

- An arrest warrant has been issued for a Ukrainian diving instructor linked to the sabotage.

- The investigation involved chartering the same yacht believed to be used in the attack.

- Divers faced significant technical challenges in conducting operations at the explosion site.

- The choice of the Andromeda yacht may have been a strategy to remain undetected.

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By @themgt - about 2 months
Yet this could be precisely why the saboteurs used [Andromeda]. To stay undetected and unaccountable — which they managed to do until the charges were made public this week.

It's well worth reading the Spiegel piece from a year ago, which is far more in-depth and goes over a lot more of the evidence and plausibility of the scenario. It's odd to me ARD would put out this highly similar but 90% slimmed down and far less convincing article and not even mention the earlier and more authoritative Spiegel report.

https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/investigating-th...

By @greenavocado - about 2 months
While technically possible, carrying a 500 kg payload at depths beyond 50 meters is extremely challenging and would typically involve commercial diving teams, saturation diving techniques, or the use of ROVs.

Handling a 500 kg payload is more feasible at shallower depths due to lower pressure and shorter decompression requirements.

At 30-50m depths, the challenges increase, and more sophisticated equipment (e.g., lift bags with remote controls) is likely required.

Typically, multiple large lift bags are used to make the payload neutrally buoyant or slightly negatively buoyant. The operation of these bags requires at least two divers, but ideally, a team of 3-4 divers should manage the lift bags to control the ascent and descent accurately. The payload needs to be guided and stabilized during the descent to prevent it from spinning, tilting, or drifting. This typically requires 2-3 divers focusing solely on keeping the payload steady.

At such depths, safety divers are essential. They provide assistance in case of emergencies, such as a diver getting entangled with the payload or a lift bag malfunctioning. At least 2-3 safety divers would be advisable. A dive supervisor or lead diver should be responsible for overseeing the operation, managing communications, and coordinating the divers' actions.

Minimum Team Size: Lift Bag Management: 3-4 divers. Payload Control: 2-3 divers. Safety and Supervision: 2-3 divers (including a dive supervisor). This brings the total minimum team size to around 7-10 divers.

In addition to the divers in the water, a surface support team, including a dive supervisor, tender, and possibly a medic, is essential. If available, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) can assist with the operation, potentially reducing the number of divers needed for direct handling.

It is bizzare that one arrest warrant was issued when many people were involved.

By @srvmshr - about 2 months
The article, funnily enough, made a better argument in pointing that Andromeda sailing boat might not have been involved - but rather some other vessel. The whole article felt like reading a 'proof by contradiction in prose' - from the shabby state of diving enclosure, to the extreme technicalities in executing the sabotage, and lastly even mentioning naval presence in the area.

As a person not following the details of Nordstrom case, this article didn't tell me anything new except how a skeleton crew on a shabbily maintained skiff could/couldn't blow up a pipeline (better technical discussion offered by user:greenavocado in other thread). Are there other state actors involved? Maybe. Is it being used as a distraction for some cover-up? Possibly. Who knows

And the icing: the person charged criminally is 'one Mr. Volodymir Z, who denies being involved' :)

By @DevX101 - about 2 months
It was enlightening to read/watch the realtime assessments of the sabotage from US leadership. The original storyline from American leadership was that Russia did it. That this story got any legs was an insult to the intelligence of any thinking person. The pipeline was a major revenue source for Russia, and probably a major reason why Germany was slow to back Ukraine.

Eventually leadership realized that this was a terrible angle, and now the story is that they have no idea who did it.

My take is that it was either Ukraine or the U.S. And even if it was Ukraine, it was done with the U.S. president's approval and tactical support.

By @im3w1l - about 2 months
What about this approach? Put the payload on an inflatable lifeboat. Anchor the boat, and try to get the anchor to land directly on top of the pipeline. Keep trying until sonar confirms succes. Thread the rope through a loop on the lifeboat. Partially deflate the lifeboat so that it slowly descends. The rope serves as a guide. Use sonar to check whether the charge is acceptably close to the pipeline. Cut the rope and leave.

If it was close enough, activate the charge remotely. Otherwise, just leave it there without activating it.

By @anovikov - about 2 months
Only shows how little trust could be put on fixed infrastructure these days. From now on it has to be built in ways much more resistant to sabotage or attacks. In some ways this is already done: for example, renewable energy facilities are too spread out to be vulnerable, it takes too many and too powerful munitions to wreck a solar or wind power plant vs coal-fired one of comparable output. But gas pipelines are an entirely different thing.
By @voytec - about 2 months
Skip to "Group chartered sailing yacht" or even "Trained divers required" to avoid what reads as ML-generated SEO spam.
By @ofrzeta - about 2 months
Related recent coverage about the failed arrest of one of the main suspects: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41244947
By @kazinator - about 2 months
> Yet this could be precisely why the saboteurs used [Andromeda].

Or it could be precisely why that boat was not used for anything of the sort.

This kind of argumentation reminds me of, "only a guilty man would protest that much against the charge laid against him".

By @odiroot - about 2 months
The best scenario would have been for the pipeline to have never existed. This is the second best.
By @raverbashing - about 2 months
Yeah, if anything this shows up how hard and non-trivial it is. And they even suggest "they got the inadequate boat on purpose", oh really?

I think anyone with a mission hard enough wouldn't make it harder on themselves on such a triviality. Special missions will nerf themselves for a variety of reasons but here it's not coming out across as a particular good reason

By @fredgrott - about 2 months
Given the recent reporting of a real collision of a ship with an undersea pipeline from Finland to Estonia...this seems not likely....

What is missing....there was several entities tracking one distinct Russian ship big enough to cause such damage before and after the even occurred...then several years later...nothing about that specific ship....

By @tasty-frays - about 2 months
Joe Biden said if Russia invaded Ukraine there will no longer be a Nord stream 2. "We will bring an end to it."

Here's the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWUuhNd37WI&t=11

USA likely blew it up.