Cough or sneeze? How the brain knows what to unleash

Researchers have identified distinct neurons responsible for triggering sneezes and coughs in mice, which could lead to better treatments for allergies and chronic coughs. The study, published in the journal Cell, reveals that "sneeze neurons" in the nasal passages send signals to the brain when activated by allergens like pollen, while separate neurons in the trachea are responsible for cough responses. The discovery was made by exposing mice to various compounds that activate specific ion channels, leading to the identification of the MrgprC11 ion channel as a key player in sneezing. When this channel was deleted, mice did not sneeze despite being infected with the flu, indicating the role of sneeze neurons. However, these mice still exhibited cough-like reactions, suggesting a separate pathway for cough responses. The researchers aim to explore how these signals are processed in the brain's respiration control center. The findings may pave the way for new therapies, as current treatments for coughs are limited and often have undesirable side effects. The study highlights the potential for discovering additional neurons involved in these reflexes, which could enhance understanding and treatment of respiratory conditions.

- Distinct neurons for sneezing and coughing have been identified in mice.

- Sneeze neurons are activated by allergens, while cough neurons respond to infections.

- The study may lead to improved treatments for allergies and chronic coughs.

- Current cough treatments are limited and can have problematic side effects.

- Further research is needed to determine if similar neurons exist in humans.