Archaeologists reveal musical instruments shown in Zimbabwe's ancient rock art

A recent study by archaeologists Dr. Joshua Kumbani and Prof. Margarita Díaz-Andreu has highlighted the connection between Zimbabwean rock art and musical instruments, a topic that has been largely overlooked in previous research. The study, published in "Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa," focuses on the rock art primarily found in eastern Zimbabwe, which features two main styles: hunter-gatherer art by the San and farmer rock art. The researchers identified various musical instruments, including rattles, drums, trumpets, flutes, and a bullroarer, categorizing them using the Hornbostel-Sachs system. They noted significant regional differences in the types of instruments depicted, with certain instruments like leg rattles and musical bows absent in Zimbabwean art, suggesting cultural variations. The study also explored the gender dynamics in the depictions, revealing that while both males and females were shown using rattles, other instruments like trumpets and flutes were predominantly associated with males. The findings indicate that musical instruments in rock art were often linked to trance motifs, suggesting a ritualistic rather than purely entertainment purpose. This research opens new avenues for understanding the interplay between music, rock art, and cultural identity among the San people.

- The study reveals a significant connection between Zimbabwean rock art and musical instruments.

- Various instruments were identified, categorized, and analyzed for cultural significance.

- Regional differences in depicted instruments suggest cultural variations among groups.

- Gender dynamics in instrument usage were noted, with specific instruments associated with males.

- The findings indicate a ritualistic context for many musical instruments in rock art.