February 4th, 2025

The Lost Story of Alan Turing's "Delilah" Project

Alan Turing's "Delilah" project developed a portable voice-encryption system during WWII, resulting in a compact machine. Recent auctions of his papers highlight the project's historical significance and engineering contributions.

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The Lost Story of Alan Turing's "Delilah" Project

Alan Turing's secret "Delilah" project, recently highlighted by the auction of a collection of his wartime papers, reveals his innovative work in voice encryption during World War II. The project, which Turing led from 1943 to 1945, aimed to create a portable voice-encryption system that could facilitate secure military communication. Unlike existing systems that focused on encrypting text, Delilah was designed to encrypt spoken words, addressing a significant military need for secure voice communication. The project culminated in a compact machine, weighing only 39 kg, which was significantly smaller than the room-sized systems like Bell Labs' SIGSALY. Turing's collaboration with his assistant Donald Bayley was crucial, as they developed a prototype that operated on rigorous cryptographic principles. The recently auctioned "Bayley papers" contain Turing's handwritten notes and technical details about Delilah, shedding light on his transition from theoretical mathematics to practical engineering. The British government has recognized the historical significance of these documents, emphasizing their importance to the national narrative. Turing's work on Delilah not only showcases his engineering prowess but also marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of secure communication technologies.

- Alan Turing's "Delilah" project focused on creating a portable voice-encryption system during WWII.

- The project resulted in a compact machine that was significantly smaller than existing encryption systems.

- Turing collaborated closely with assistant Donald Bayley, who documented their work.

- The recent auction of Turing's papers has highlighted the historical significance of his engineering contributions.

- The British government has intervened to prevent the export of these important documents.

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By @jgrahamc - 2 months
I suppose some of this is a "lost story" but I wrote about Delilah back in 2012: https://blog.jgc.org/2012/03/delilah-secure-speech-system.ht... and the actual system is on display at Bletchley.
By @mikewarot - 2 months
The incoming signal is turned into 4000 bits per second then XORed with a large pseudorandom sequence.[1]. It's quite interesting what was possible given such limited hardware at the time.

I've seen multivibrators as frequency dividers in the repair work I've done. The clever thing here would be in the initialization, and synchronization at the receive end. I'd imagine that wheel has to be spun up to some fraction of 4000 rotations/second and uses photodiodes or perhaps just contact, to generate the starting pulses.

[1] https://www.turing.org.uk/sources/delilah.html

By @krick - 2 months
It always annoys me to no end, whenever somebody mentions about selling somebody's papers, but "putting a ban on their export", as if there is any difference whatsoever where is located some personal collection where they will rot. If it's considered a "national treasure", obviously, it cannot be sold to anyone, and quite honestly it MUST be scanned and be available on the internet for anybody interested to read it. If it's unimportant enough to be sold to a personal collection, it's also nobody's business what the buyer will do to that stuff.

This reminds me: are there even any good scans of the Portsmouth Papers that Keynes bought? Or is this stuff still just buried in various museum archives, seen only by certified friends of the museum's director?

By @teeray - 2 months
I remember something like this was used in Cryptonomicon. It's been almost two decades since I read it, but IIRC it was a phone conversation between Churchill and FDR that was secured with twin one-time-pads encoded on vinyl records.
By @cubefox - 2 months
> Work on the Delilah project stopped not long after the war ended, when Turing was hired by the British National Physical Laboratory to design and develop an electronic computer. Delilah “had little potential for further development,” Bayley said and “was soon forgotten.” Yet it offered a very high level of security, and was the first successful demonstration of a compact portable device for voice encryption.

That seems curious -- surely the military would have been interested in a finished portable voice encryption system, even after the war?

By @world2vec - 2 months
Great read but have a slightly off-topic question:

What is your opinion on visiting Bletchley Park? Is it worth it? Or is it more oriented to kids and whatnot?

By @dang - 2 months
One small past thread:

Alan Turing – The Delilah Project - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38862147 - Jan 2024 (7 comments)

By @bandrami - 2 months
I take some solace that even 80 years ago the greatest mind in computer science was saying "damn, key synchronization is hard"
By @zombiwoof - 2 months
Did I miss the explanation of how the key synchronization worked? That seems mind boggling impossible
By @rsynnott - 2 months
Slightly weirdly worded:

> Bell Labs’ pioneering SIGSALY speech-encryption system was constructed in New York City, under a U.S. Army contract, during 1942 and 1943. It was gigantic, weighing over 50 thousand kilograms and filling a room. Turing was familiar with SIGSALY and wanted to miniaturize speech encryption.

Well, yes; given that he _helped design it_ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGSALY#Development) he probably would be familiar with it.