America's War on Theater

James Shapiro's "The Playbook: A Story of Theater, Democracy, and the Making of a Culture War" explores the historical hostility towards theater in America, tracing its roots back to the Revolutionary Era. The book highlights the Federal Theatre Project (1935-1939), a New Deal initiative that produced over a thousand plays and reached around 30 million people. Despite its success, the project faced opposition from lawmakers like Martin Dies Jr., who labeled it "un-American" and "Communist," ultimately leading to its termination. Shapiro argues that Dies established tactics that resonate with contemporary right-wing strategies, such as framing debates around national identity and using aggressive rhetoric against perceived threats.

The narrative includes a pivotal congressional hearing in 1938 where Hallie Flanagan, the Federal Theatre's director, defended the program against accusations of promoting propaganda. Shapiro emphasizes the financial arguments against funding theater, which opponents deemed wasteful compared to tangible services. The book also reflects on the vibrant theater culture of the early 20th century, exemplified by Willa Cather's experiences in Nebraska, where theater was a national pastime.

Shapiro details notable productions, including the "Voodoo Macbeth," which showcased Black talent and drew significant audiences, further illustrating the Federal Theatre's impact. Despite its eventual closure, the Federal Theatre's legacy and the ongoing struggle against anti-theatrical sentiment remain relevant in today's cultural landscape, underscoring the persistent challenges faced by the arts in America.