The First Mass Produced DRAM of the Soviet Union

In 1966, Robert Dennard invented dynamic RAM cells, which store information as electric charges in capacitors. The first commercially available dynamic memory chip, Intel's 1103, was released in 1970, utilizing three transistors per cell. The first mass-produced dynamic memory chip in the Soviet Union was the 565RU1, developed in 1975 and produced starting in 1977. This chip had a capacity of 4096 bits and was based on the Intel 2107A design, although it was not a direct copy. The 565RU1 was manufactured by several Soviet enterprises, including Angstrem, Mezon, Alpha, and Exciton, and was used in various applications, including the Elektronika-60 computer. Despite its outdated three-transistor design, the 565RU1 was widely utilized until the mid-1990s, with military and export versions also produced. The chip's longevity in CNC machines highlighted its durability compared to contemporary computer equipment.

- Robert Dennard invented dynamic RAM cells in 1966, leading to the development of DRAM technology.

- The first mass-produced Soviet DRAM chip, the 565RU1, was developed in 1975 and produced from 1977.

- The 565RU1 chip was based on the Intel 2107A design but was not a direct copy.

- Several Soviet enterprises, including Angstrem and Mezon, manufactured the 565RU1 chip.

- The chip remained in use until the mid-1990s, demonstrating significant durability in various applications.