What Is an Atomic Clock? (2019)

An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations of atoms to measure time. NASA's Deep Space Atomic Clock, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, represents a significant advancement in this technology, designed to enhance spacecraft navigation for missions to distant locations like Mars. Traditional clocks, such as quartz crystal oscillators, are less stable and can drift over time, leading to inaccuracies in navigation. In contrast, atomic clocks, particularly the Deep Space Atomic Clock, utilize mercury ions to achieve exceptional stability, being up to 50 times more stable than current GPS satellite clocks. This stability allows for precise time measurement, essential for determining a spacecraft's distance from Earth by calculating the time it takes for signals to travel. The Deep Space Atomic Clock can maintain accuracy to less than a nanosecond over several days and less than a microsecond over ten years, equating to a drift of only one second every ten million years. This technology enables more autonomous navigation of spacecraft, reducing the need for constant communication with Earth, which is crucial for deep space exploration.

- Atomic clocks use atomic vibrations for precise timekeeping.

- NASA's Deep Space Atomic Clock enhances navigation for missions to Mars.

- It is significantly more stable than traditional quartz clocks.

- The clock maintains exceptional accuracy over long periods.

- This technology allows for more autonomous spacecraft navigation.